Detecting Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) in Cannabis Using qPCR
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The Silent Crop Killer You Can’t Afford to Miss
Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) is a pathogenic RNA that is a major concern in cannabis cultivation, affecting both hemp and marijuana. It can reduce yield, stunt growth, and lower cannabinoid production, often before any visible symptoms appear. The best way to protect your crop is with early, accurate HLVd testing using a validated method.
One of the most effective detection methods is quantitative PCR (qPCR), a trusted tool in plant pathogen testing for its high sensitivity and specificity. The Phlo Bio Cannabis-specific HLVd qPCR assay is optimized for fast turnaround and includes an internal plant control, ensuring that negative results are truly negative.
What is a Duplex qPCR Assay?
A duplex qPCR assay detects two genetic targets in a single reaction. For plant pathogen detection, one channel targets the pathogen—HLVd in this example—while the other targets a plant gene, which serves as an internal control. This confirms that the DNA was successfully extracted and the PCR worked as intended, reducing the risk of false negatives.
The Phlo Bio HLVd test kit uses:
- FAM channel (520 nm) – Detects HLVd
- HEX channel (555 nm) – Detects an internal Cannabis gene
This design saves time, conserves reagents, and ensures every result is reliable.
Key Benefits of the Phlo Bio HLVd qPCR Assay
- Early Detection – Catch infections before symptoms appear
- Internal Control – Built-in HEX signal confirms valid results
- High Specificity – No cross-reactivity with other plant pathogens
- Quick Turnaround – Results in under 75 minutes
Interpreting qPCR Results
| Sample Type | FAM (HLVd) | HEX (Cannabis Control) | What It Means |
|---|---|---|---|
| ✅ Positive | Signal | Signal | HLVd is present |
| ✅ Negative | No signal | Signal | Sample is clean |
| 🚫 Invalid | No signal | No signal | Retest needed |
A Cannabis-specific internal control is essential—without it, a “negative” result could be meaningless. The HEX channel in our assay confirms the test worked properly.
Sampling Best Practices for Accurate Results
- 🔬 Sample the Right Tissue – Roots and petioles often have higher viroid concentrations
- 🧼 Avoid Cross-Contamination – Use clean, sterile tools for each plant sampled
- 🧪 Run Proper Controls – Include a positive control and a No Template Control (NTC) in every batch
- ✅ Check the HEX Signal – No HEX signal means the test is invalid
Why Early Detection Matters
HLVd spreads easily through cloning, shared tools, irrigation systems, and human handling. Regular HLVd testing helps you:
- ✔ Isolate and remove infected plants quickly
- ✔ Protect high-value mother stock
- ✔ Maintain genetic integrity in your grow
- ✔ Meet pathogen-free cultivation standards
Trust Your Results with the Phlo Bio HLVd Assay
Our Cannabis HLVd qPCR detection assay delivers fast, validated results with a built-in internal control so you can act with confidence. Whether you’re a grower, breeder, or testing lab, our HLVd test kit helps you stay ahead of outbreaks.